Journal: Toxins

Article Title: Venom from Loxosceles Spiders Collected in Southeastern and Northeastern Brazilian Regions Cause Hemotoxic Effects on Human Blood Components

doi: 10.3390/toxins16120532

Figure Lengend Snippet: The crude venom of Loxosceles amazonica and Loxosceles similis induce platelet aggregation. Washed platelets were incubated with 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL of Loxosceles crude venoms. Aggregation was monitored by measuring light transmittance for 10 min by an aggregometer. The percentage of aggregation was automatically calculated by comparing the initial optical density with the optical density after the addition of the aggregating agent, using the HemoRam 1.1 software. The mean ± standard deviation is shown. The results are representative of two or three experiments with different individual donors (points of graph). ( A ) Platelet aggregation with Loxosceles amazonica ; ( B ) Loxosceles aff. Variegata , and ( C ) Loxosceles similis . Collagen or convulxin were used as platelet-aggregation agonists (C+). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis test) with Dunn post-test for multiple comparison. (*) = p ≤ 0.05.

Article Snippet: For the platelet-aggregation assay, 225 μL of the washed platelets were incubated with 100 and 200 μg/mL of the crude venoms, and aggregation was monitored by measuring transmittance on an AggRAM platelet aggregometer (Remote Aggregation Analyzer, Helena Laboratories, Beaumont, TX, USA) under 600 rpm agitation at 37 °C for 10 min. For platelet-inhibition assays, 225 μL of washed platelets were pre-incubated with 100 and 200 μg/mL of the venoms in Tyrode’s pH 7.4 solution for 3 min.

Techniques: Incubation, Software, Standard Deviation, Comparison

Journal: Toxins

Article Title: Venom from Loxosceles Spiders Collected in Southeastern and Northeastern Brazilian Regions Cause Hemotoxic Effects on Human Blood Components

doi: 10.3390/toxins16120532

Figure Lengend Snippet: The crude venom of Loxosceles aff. variegata inhibits platelet aggregation induced by collagen and convulxin. Washed human platelets were pre-incubated with different concentrations of Loxosceles aff. variegata venom (100 and 200 μg/mL) under agitation at 600 rpm at 37 °C. After 3 min, platelet aggregation was induced by 10 μg/mL collagen or 0.3 mg/mL convulxin and monitored by aggregometer by measuring light transmittance for 7 min. The mean ± standard deviation is shown. The results are representative of three experiments with different individual donors (points of graph). ( A ) The crude L. amazonica venom does not have the ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by agonist collagen. ( B ) Platelet aggregation assay to assess the ability of crude Loxosceles aff. variegata venom to inhibit collagen-induced and convulxin-induced aggregation. ( C ) The crude L. similis venom does not have the ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by agonist Convulxin. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test for multiple comparison. (*) = p ≤ 0.05 and (**) = p ≤ 0.01.

Article Snippet: For the platelet-aggregation assay, 225 μL of the washed platelets were incubated with 100 and 200 μg/mL of the crude venoms, and aggregation was monitored by measuring transmittance on an AggRAM platelet aggregometer (Remote Aggregation Analyzer, Helena Laboratories, Beaumont, TX, USA) under 600 rpm agitation at 37 °C for 10 min. For platelet-inhibition assays, 225 μL of washed platelets were pre-incubated with 100 and 200 μg/mL of the venoms in Tyrode’s pH 7.4 solution for 3 min.

Techniques: Incubation, Standard Deviation, Comparison